A new nonlinear optical silicate carbonate K2Ca[Si2O5](CO3) with a hybrid structure of kalsilite and soda-like layered fragments

Single crystals of a new silicate carbonate, K₂Ca[Si₂O₅](CO₃), have been synthesized in a multi-components hydrothermal solution with a pH value close to neutral and a high concentration of a carbonate mineralizer. The new compound has an axial structure (s.g. P6₃22) with unit cell parameters a = 5.04789 (15), c = 17.8668 (6) Å. Pseudosymmetry of the structure corresponds to s.g. P6₃/mmc which is broken only by one oxygen position. The structure consists of two layered fragments: one of the type of the mineral kalsilite (KAlSiO₄) and the other of the high-temperature soda-like α-Na₂CO₃, Ca substituting for Na. The electro-neutral layer K₂[Si₂O₅] (denoted K) as well as the layer Ca(CO₃) (denoted S) may separately correspond to individual structures. In K₂Ca[Si₂O₅](CO₃) the S-K layers are connected together via Ca-O interactions between Ca atoms from the carbonate layer and apical O atoms from the silicate one, and also via K-O interlayer interactions. A hypothetical acentric structure, sp.gr. P-62c, is predicted on the basis of the order-disorder theory. It presents another symmetrical option for the arrangement of K-layers relative to S-layers. The K,Ca-silicate-carbonate powder produces a moderate SHG signal that is two times larger that of the α-quartz powder standard and close to other silicates with acentric structures and low electronic polarizability.     

Site‐Resolved Two‐Step Relaxation Process in an Asymmetric Dy2 Single‐Molecule Magnet

Elaborate chemical design is of utmost importance in order to slow down the relaxation dynamics in single‐molecule magnets (SMMs) and hence improve their potential applications. Much interest was devoted to the study of distinct relaxation processes related to the different crystal fields of crystallographically independent lanthanide ions. However, the assignment of the relaxation processes to specific metal sites remains a challenging task. To address this challenge, a new asymmetric Dy₂ SMM displaying a well‐separated two‐step relaxation process with the anisotropic centers in fine‐tuned local environments was elaborately designed. For the first time a one‐to‐one relationship between the metal sites and the relaxation processes was evidenced. This work sheds light on complex multiple relaxation and may direct the rational design of lanthanide SMMs with enhanced magnetic properties.     

Formation of Long,Multicenter π‐[TCNE]22− Dimers in Solution: Solvation and Stability Assessed through Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Purely organic radical ions dimerize in solution at low temperature, forming long, multicenter bonds, despite the metastability of the isolated dimers. Here, we present the first computational study of these π‐dimers in solution, with explicit consideration of solvent molecules and finite temperature effects. By means of force‐field and ab initio molecular dynamics and free energy simulations, the structure and stability of π‐[TCNE]₂^2? (TCNE=tetracyanoethylene) dimers in dichloromethane have been evaluated. Although the dimers dissociate at room temperature, they are stable at 175 K and their structure is similar to the one in the solid state, with a cofacial arrangement of the radicals at an interplanar separation of approximately 3.0 Å. The π‐[TCNE]₂^2? dimers form dissociated ion pairs with the NBu₄⁺ counterions, and their first solvation shell comprises approximately 20 CH₂Cl₂ molecules. Among them, the eight molecules distributed along the equatorial plane of the dimer play a key role in stabilizing the dimer through bridging C?H???N contacts. The calculated free energy of dimerization of TCNE ^{. ?} in solution at 175 K is ?5.5 kcal mol^?1. These results provide the first quantitative model describing the pairing of radical ions in solution, and demonstrate the key role of solvation forces on the dimerization process.     

The Tetracyanopyridinide Dimer Dianion, σ‐[TCNPy]22−

The reaction of 2,3,5,6‐tetracyanopyridine (TCNPy) and Cr(C₆H₆)₂ forms diamagnetic σ‐[TCNPy]₂^2? possessing a 1.572(3) Å intrafragment sp³–sp³ bond. This is in contrast to the structurally related 1,2,4,5‐tetracyanobenzene and 1,2,4,5‐tetracyanopyrazine that form π‐dimer dianions possessing long, multicenter bonds.     

一种带疏水长链的水溶性偶氮引发剂的合成及端基疏水聚合物疏水缔合效应研究

以偶氮二异丁腈、十二胺为主要原料,通过Pinner反应制备了一种两端各带有12个碳烷基链的水溶性偶氮引发剂——2,2'-偶氮二异丁基十二脒盐酸盐AIBL.采用核磁氢谱、元素分析及液相色谱对AIBL进行了结构及纯度表征,采用TGA、DSC和紫外分光光度计研究了其热分解现象和热分解动力学,采用表面张力仪对其表面活性进行了测定.结果表明,所合成的引发剂AIBL具有预想的结构和较高的纯度,其热分解反应属于一级反应,热分解活化能为134.80 k J/mol,70℃下水中的半衰期约为4 h;AIBL在水溶液中具有表面活性,其临界胶束浓度为0.13 g/L,对应的表面张力为33.57 m N/m.以丙烯酰胺为单体、AIBL为引发剂制备了水溶性端基疏水聚合物SPAM.采用溴化法研究其转化率,应用乌氏黏度法、零切黏度法以及荧光探针对其缔合作用进行了研究.结果表明,AIBL具有良好的引发丙烯酰胺聚合的能力;相对于不带疏水长链的引发剂所合成的聚合物PAM,SPAM具有明显的疏水缔合效应,这说明AIBL成功地将疏水长链引入到聚合物的端基中,从而形成端基疏水聚合物.     

Spectroscopic properties and bond dissociation energies of PbX,PbX±, PbX2 and PbX2± (X ​= ​F,Cl, Br,I)

Ab initio calculations have been performed to investigate some of the spectroscopic properties, like geometry, frequency, electron affinity, ionization potential and finally adiabatic bond dissociation energies (BDEs) of lead monohalides, lead dihalides and their ions viz. PbX, PbX^±, PbX₂, $\mathrm{P}\mathrm{b}{\mathrm{X}}_{\mathrm{2}}^{\pm }$ (X ?= ?F, Cl, Br, I) in their ground state at the QCISD(T)//MP2 level of theory using correlation consistent basis sets. For the validation of MP2 optimized geometry and frequency, we further obtained geometry and frequency of all the neutral and ionic systems using QCISD(T) method with the same basis sets. The BDEs of PbX₂ molecules are calculated using the BDEs of $\mathrm{P}\mathrm{b}{\mathrm{X}}_{\mathrm{2}}^{\pm }$ ions and taking ionization potential and electron affinity of various systems. The calculated values are found in good agreement with the available data. Most of the data for ionic systems are reported first time in literature.     

On the metabolites produced by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides a fungus proposed for the Ambrosia artemisiifolia biocontrol; spectroscopic data and absolute configuration assignment of colletochlorin A

Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. is responsible for serious allergies induced on humans. Different approaches for its control were proposed during the COST Action FA1203 “Sustainable management of Ambrosia artemisiifolia in Europe” (SMARTER). Fungal secondary metabolites often show potential herbicidal activity. Three phytotoxins were purified from the fungal culture filtrates of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, isolated from infected leaves of A. artemisiifolia. They were identified by spectroscopic and chemical methods as colletochlorin A, orcinol and tyrosol (1, 2 and 3). The absolute configuration 6’R to colletochlorin A was assigned for the first time applying the advanced Mosher’s method. When assayed by leaf-puncture on A. artemisiifolia only 1 caused the appearance of large necrosis. The same symptoms were also induced by 1 on ambrosia plantlets associated with plant wilting. On Lemna minor, colletochlorin A caused a clear fronds browning, with a total reduction in chlorophyll content.     

Smarandache函数在两数列上的下界估计

设S(n)是Smarandache函数,其中n是一正整数.讨论Smarandache函数S(n)在数列F((2k),1)=F(n,1)=n2n+1(n=2k)与数列G(2n,1)=(2n)2n+1上的下界估计.基于初等方法证明了:当偶数n≥6时,有S(F((2k),1))=S(F(n,1))≥6×2n+1;当n≥4时,有S(G(2n,1))≥6×2n+1.     

Temperature Effects on the Fracture Dynamics and Elastic Properties of Popgraphene Membranes

Popgraphene (PopG) is a new 2D planar carbon allotrope which is composed of 5–8–5 carbon rings. PopG is intrinsically metallic and possesses excellent thermal and mechanical stability. In this work, we report a detailed study of the thermal effects on the mechanical properties of PopG membranes using fully-atomistic reactive (ReaxFF) molecular dynamics simulations. Our results showed that PopG presents very distinct fracture mechanisms depending on the temperature and direction of the applied stretching. The main fracture dynamics trends are temperature independent and exhibit an abrupt rupture followed by fast crack propagation. The reason for this anisotropy is due to the fact that y-direction stretching leads to a deformation in the shape of the rings that cause the breaking of bonds in the pentagon-octagon and pentagon-pentagon ring connections, which is not observed for the x-direction. PopG is less stiff than graphene membranes, but the Young's modulus value is only 15 % smaller.